Obesity causes what type of diabetes

Insulin resistance is associated with body mass index at any degree of weight gain. Insulin sensitivity also differs completely in lean individuals because of differences in body fat distribution. Individuals whose fat distribution is more peripheral have more insulin sensitivity than do individuals whose fat distribution is more central ie, in the abdomen and chest area. Differences in adipose tissue distribution help explain, to some extent, how the metabolic effects of subcutaneous and intra-abdominal fat differ.

Intra-abdominal fat is more related to the genes that secrete proteins and the specific types of proteins responsible for the production of energy. Adiponectin secretion by omental adipocytes is larger than the amount secreted by subcutaneous-derived adipocytes. Moreover, the quantity secreted from these omental adipocytes is negatively associated with increased body weight.

Furthermore, abdominal fat is considered more lipolytic than subcutaneous fat, and it also does not respond easily to the antilipolytic action of insulin, which makes intra-abdominal fat more important in causing insulin resistance, and thus diabetes. Marcial et al 29 further explained the molecular mechanisms of insulin resistance, inflammation, and the development of diabetes. One of the mechanisms of insulin is its effect as an anabolic hormone that enhances glycogen synthesis in liver and muscle.

This in turn augments protein synthesis inhibiting the process of proteolysis. Insulin resistance is indeed an important factor in disease process. Fat storage and mobilization are other important factors causing insulin resistance. Insulin-resistant individuals, whether slim or fat, have more insulin responses and lower hepatic insulin clearance than those who are insulin sensitive.

If the glucose levels require stability, changes in insulin sensitivity must be matched by a relatively opposite change in circulating insulin levels. Failure of this process to take place results in a deregulation of glucose levels and the development of DM. Despite the fact that NEFAs play a major role in insulin release, the continuous exposure to NEFAs is related to significant malfunction in glucose-stimulated insulin secretion pathways and reduced insulin biosynthesis.

The effect of lipotoxic increases in plasma NEFA levels and the rise of glucose levels might produce a more harmful effect known as glucolipotoxicity. Diabetes and obesity are chronic disorders that are on the rise worldwide. In an obese individual, the amount of NEFA, glycerol, hormones, cytokines, proinflammatory substances, and other substances that are involved in the development of insulin resistance are increased.

Gaining weight in early life is associated with the development of type 1 diabetes. New approaches in managing and preventing diabetes in obese individuals must be studied and investigated based on these facts. National Center for Biotechnology Information , U. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes. Published online Dec 4. Author information Copyright and License information Disclaimer. Non-commercial uses of the work are permitted without any further permission from Dove Medical Press Limited, provided the work is properly attributed.

This article has been cited by other articles in PMC. Abstract Body mass index has a strong relationship to diabetes and insulin resistance. Keywords: diabetes mellitus, obesity, insulin resistance. Video abstract Download video file. Introduction Diabetes mellitus DM is a chronic disorder that can alter carbohydrate, protein, and fat metabolism. Obesity Overweight and obesity are defined by an excess accumulation of adipose tissue to an extent that impairs both physical and psychosocial health and well-being.

Obesity and type 1 diabetes The rising incidence of type 2 diabetes among children and adults is related to the epidemic of obesity. Obesity and type 2 diabetes The increased prevalence of obesity these days has drawn attention to the worldwide significance of this problem.

Obesity and insulin resistance Insulin sensitivity fluctuation occurs across the natural life cycle. Conclusion Diabetes and obesity are chronic disorders that are on the rise worldwide. Footnotes Disclosure The authors report no conflicts of interest in this work. Since there is an association between type 2 diabetes and being overweight, treatment for type 2 diabetes often focuses on diet and exercise.

Oral medications can also help the body use its own insulin more efficiently. In some cases, insulin injections are necessary to normalize blood sugars. Managing diabetes includes eating healthy foods, exercising regularly, reducing stress, maintaining a healthy lifestyle, and, at the advice of your doctor, using medications.

While Type 2 diabetes can be treated, it is largely preventable. Interested in learning the optimal diet, exercise, and supplementation for diabetes? No waiting in line or uncomfortable swabs. July, 20 Health. What is Obesity? Start The Assessment.

Inline Feedbacks. Share this article 1. Read more about Health July, 20 Health. Feel better. Keywords: diabetes; insulin resistance; obese non-diabetics; obesity.

Abstract Obesity is believed to be a promoter of type 2 diabetes mellitus T2DM. The ADA recommends aerobic exercise and strength training, but also recommends just increasing your activity level each day. Park further away from the entrance of wherever you are going will increase the number of steps you take each day. Get off the elevator one floor from your destination and walk up the final flight. In addition to ridding yourself of a life of diabetes medication and potential complications, losing weight will also reduce your risk of metabolic syndrome and related cardiovascular disease, heart attack, and stroke.

At Healthcare Associates of Texas, we specialize in finding the optimal treatment for you. Our diabetes specialists work with you to help you manage your type 2 diabetes and reach your weight-loss and blood sugar goals.